中药防风栽培品与野生品药材性状显微组织差异比较研究

目的:中药防风栽培品与野生品药材性状显微组织差异比较.方法:药材性状比对,根横切面、粉末显微特征测量和比对.结果:药材性状方面:防风野生品根呈长圆锥形或长圆柱形,少分枝;根头部有明显密集的环纹;断面有多数棕色油点;气味特异.防风栽培品根常有分枝;根头部横环纹较少,断面棕色油点较少;气微.显微组织方面:防风野生品根横切面韧皮部有多数类圆形油管,10～22环列;木质部导管呈放射状排列,但年轮状不明显.防风栽培品根横切面韧皮部油管10～11轮;木质部导管可见大小相间呈年轮状.结论:防风栽培品与野生品在药材性状和显微组织上存在一定差异,外观性状的差异和根横切面韧皮部油管环数的多少,可以作为两者的鉴别特征;1～4年的栽培防风可以根据木质部导管的年轮判别生长年限.     

Burrowing behavior in wild house mice: Variation within and between populations

Burrowing behavior was assessed on 120 lab-reared house mice (Mus domesticus) derived from five geographic populations representing a north-south cline along the east coast of the United States. Mice were placed individually into Plexiglas containers filled with sand and peat moss, and their burrows were excavated 24 h later. Seven measures were taken and reduced by principal-components analysis to two factors for further analysis. Marked differences existed within, but not between populations, and members of full-sib families built qualitatively and quantitatively similar burrows. The lack of a geographic cline and the apparent high heritability of burrowing behavior do not lend support to its use as a major thermoregulatory adaptation.This research was supported by National Science Foundation Grant BSR 8214739 to C.B.L.     

野生与栽培草珊瑚中矿物元素比较

目的: 建立野生与栽培草珊瑚中矿物元素的测定方法,分析比较野生与栽培草珊瑚中的矿物元素。 方法: 运用火焰原子吸收光谱法,采用标准曲线法,测定样品中K,Zn,Fe,Mg,Ca,Cu 6种矿物元素的含量,进行分析比较。 结果: 野生与栽培的草珊瑚中K,Ca,Fe,Mg含量较高,Zn,Cu含量较低,栽培品K＞Ca＞Fe＞Mg＞Zn＞Cu,野生品Ca＞K＞Fe＞Mg＞Zn＞Cu;平均回收率在93.8%~102.5%,RSD在0.32%~2.68%。 结论: 该方法灵敏度高,操作简便快速,结果令人满意。     

Bluetongue Virus Serotypes 1 and 4 in Red Deer,Spain

We studied the potential of red deer as bluetongue maintenance hosts and sentinels. Deer maintained detectable bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 4 RNA for 1 year after the virus was cleared from livestock. However, the virus was not transmitted to yearlings. BTV serotype 1 RNA was detected in red deer immediately after its first detection in cattle.     

Evaluation of measurement uncertainties in human diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)‐derived parameters and optimization of clinical DTI protocols with a wild bootstrap analysis

Purpose

To quantify measurement uncertainties of fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, and principal eigenvector orientations in human diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data acquired with common clinical protocols using a wild bootstrap analysis, and to establish optimal scan protocols for clinical DTI acquisitions.

Materials and Methods

A group of 13 healthy volunteers were scanned using three commonly used DTI protocols with similar total scan times. Two important parameters—the number of unique diffusion gradient directions (NUDG) and the ratio of the total number of diffusion‐weighted (DW) images to the total number of non‐DW images (DTIR)—were analyzed in order to investigate their combined effects on uncertainties of DTI‐derived parameters, using results from both the Monte Carlo simulation and the wild bootstrap analysis of uncertainties in human DTI data.

Results

The wild bootstrap analysis showed that uncertainties in human DTI data are significantly affected by both NUDG and DTIR in many brain regions. These results agree with previous predictions based on error‐propagations as well as results from simulations.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate that within a clinically feasible DTI scan time of about 10 minutes, a protocol with number of diffusion gradient directions close to 30 provides nearly optimal measurement results when combined with a ratio of the total number of DW images over non‐DW images equal to six. Wild bootstrap can serve as a useful tool to quantify the measurement uncertainty from human DTI data. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:422–435. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Imatinib plus low‐dose doxorubicin in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors refractory to high‐dose imatinib

BACKGROUND:

In KIT‐expressing Ewing sarcoma cell lines, the addition of doxorubicin to imatinib increases apoptosis, compared with imatinib or doxorubicin alone. On the basis of these in vitro data, the authors conducted a phase 1‐2 trial of doxorubicin with imatinib in patients with gastrointestinal sarcoma tumors refractory to high‐dose imatinib therapy.

METHODS:

Patients with metastatic gastrointestinal sarcoma tumor resistant to imatinib at 400 mg by mouth (p.o.) twice a day were eligible for this multicenter study, and received imatinib (400 mg p.o. every day [q.d.]) concomitantly with doxorubicin 15‐20 mg/m²/weekly for 4 cycles (monthly cycles), followed by imatinib (400 mg p.o. q.d.) maintenance in nonprogressive patients. Spiral computed tomography and positron emission tomography with F18‐fluorodeoxyglucose were done basally and after 2 months of therapy to evaluate response. An in vitro study assessed the effect of combining imatinib and doxorubicin.

RESULTS:

Twenty‐six patients with progressive gastrointestinal sarcoma tumor were entered in the study. Treatment was well tolerated. Three (14%) of 22 evaluable patients had partial responses per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, and 8 (36%) had clinical benefit (partial response or stable disease for ≥6 months). Median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 100 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 62‐138), and median survival was 390 days (95% CI, 264‐516). Interestingly, PFS was 211 days (95% CI, 52‐370) in patients with wild type (WT) KIT and 82 days (95% CI, 53‐111) in non‐WT patients (10 mutant, 6 not assessed). A synergistic effect on cell line proliferation and apoptosis was found with imatinib and doxorubicin combination.

CONCLUSIONS:

Low‐dose chemobiotherapy combination showed promising activity in heavily pretreated gastrointestinal sarcoma tumor patients, especially in those with WT‐KIT genotype. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.     

误食有毒野生菌的中毒急救施护

目的：误食有毒野生菌的中毒急救护理方。方法：对以往中毒案例及相关数据进行分析。结果：主要的急救措施有催吐，洗胃，导泻、洗肠等，可使用解毒剂对症治疗。结论：必须要做好患者的护理，预防和控制感染。     

野生型p53基因导入诱导神经细胞凋亡

目的　观察野生型 p5 3基因诱导神经细胞凋亡的现象 ,探讨外源性 p5 3基因对神经细胞 p2 1、c-fos和 c-jun基因表达的影响。方法　构建了野生型 p5 3基因的重组线病毒载体 ,体外转染胚胎大鼠神经细胞 ,应用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的切口末端标记技术原位检测细胞凋亡 ,以免疫组化法测定 P2 1 、c-Fos和 c-Jun蛋白表达水平。结果　外源性基因导入神经细胞后 ,P2 1、c-Fos和 c-Jun蛋白水平显著增高 ,d UTP切口末端标记阳性细胞百分率约为 4 0 %。结论　野生型 p5 3基因可诱导神经细胞凋亡和促进 p2 1、c-fos和 c-jun基因表达     

知母栽培品和野生品的指纹图谱建立及差异性成分确认

目的建立知母栽培品和野生品的指纹图谱,确认两者的差异性成分。方法采用蒸发光散射检测器,以高效液相色谱法结合《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2012版)》建立14批知母栽培品和14批知母野生品的指纹图谱,并进行相似度评价,通过与混合对照品色谱图比对指认共有峰。同法测定知母栽培品和野生品中指认共有峰对应成分的含量,通过主成分分析和正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析确认两者的差异性成分,并比较其含量。结果在28批知母药材中共有10个共有峰,指认出新芒果苷(峰1)、芒果苷(峰2)、异芒果苷(峰3)、知母皂苷BⅡ(峰7)、知母皂苷BⅢ(峰8)、知母皂苷Ⅰ(峰9)、知母皂苷AⅢ(峰10)7个成分;各样品指纹图谱与对照指纹图谱的相似度均不低于0.963。知母栽培品与野生品中7个成分的平均总含量分别为74.18、84.72 mg/g,二者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。知母栽培品与野生品可被分为两类,差异性成分为新芒果苷、芒果苷、知母皂苷BⅡ、知母皂苷AⅢ(变量投影重要性值均大于1)。知母栽培品中新芒果苷含量明显高于野生品(P<0.05),芒果苷、知母皂苷BⅡ和知母皂苷AⅢ含量均明显低于野生品(P<0.05)。结论成功建立了知母的指纹图谱,并初步确认了知母栽培品和野生品的差异性成分。     

我国菰米对高脂膳食大鼠血脂及炎性因子的影响

目的探讨菰米对高脂膳食诱导脂代谢紊乱大鼠血脂及炎性因子水平的调控作用。方法44只雄性SD大鼠随机分为阴性对照组、高脂模型组、米面组和菰米组;以相应饲料连续喂养8w,测定各组大鼠体重、血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)等指标。结果与阴性对照组相比,高脂模型组和米面组大鼠的血清TC、TG显著上升,HDL-C显著降低;与高脂模型组和米面组比较,菰米组的血清TC、TG显著下降,HDL-C显著升高,TNF-α、hs-CRP显著下降。结论菰米具有降低脂代谢紊乱大鼠血脂的作用,并能改善高脂血症的低度炎性状态。